Build your Own Pergola (Part One - Planning)
Sarah and I just moved into a new house a couple of months ago (new to us; it was actually built in 1866!). There was a slab of concrete out one side that I thought would be perfect for a pergola. I wanted a cozy space where we could sit and enjoy a meal, as well as a space to grow some herbs, veggies, and other plant life. We have tons of mosquitoes, so I planned on planting herbs that are known to repel those pesky little jerks. This was no small project; the pergola took a couple days to build. Then planting and getting it to the way we wanted it to look has taken a couple weeks. I also did some research on plants that repel insects, building permits, and planting in treated wood. This post is focused solely on the planning stage. There will be a building post coming up, as well as a styling/planting one. It may read like a book report; there is a lot of info, but I promise the next post will have more images!
I understand that this project may seem daunting to most of you. I hope that even if you don't plan on building a whole pergola in your yard, maybe some of the info will apply to smaller projects you might be planning.
Pergolas have been around for centuries, and designs range from complex to minimal. The one I built leans more on the minimal/classic side, which is basically four posts and slats running across the top. Well, it seems basic, but even if I had stopped there, it would have taken some engineering. I added a twist to the design. I wanted to add three half walls with a trough running along the top of them to plant herbs and flowers in. That was the initial idea I had in my head; here are the steps I took leading up to actually building.
The pergola was the biggest thing I'd built to date. I'd heard of people getting permits for building attachments to their homes, but I had no further knowledge of the subject. I wasn't sure if I needed to get a residential permit for the pergola. It wasn't hard to figure out! I called our local city permit office and asked if I needed one to build a pergola. The nice lady informed me that anything smaller than 100 square feet doesn't need a building permit. Sweet! That made my decision for the size a super easy one. Ten feet by ten feet is plenty big.
To find your local building permit codes, a simple phone call will get you on the right track. Of course, a quick Google search will help you find the number to your local permit office. I would start by Googling your hometown's residential building permits' regulations. This step sounds like a big hassle, but if you end up building something that is regulated, you could get fined big time, and that is an even bigger hassle.
I really lucked out with my build site. I have a 16' x 16' foot slab with the pergola's name on it. So I knew that the structure was going to be 10' x 10' feet, and I also knew that I was going to keep the wood raw, so it had to be treated in order to withstand elements. I was planning on planting herbs in the trough also made from raw wood, so I wanted to make sure treated lumber was okay to use. After some research I was fairly convinced that the plants would be okay. Even the the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) states:
It is our understanding that the wood preservatives used in treated wood available to consumers have been registered by EPA for general use, which means that EPA has determined it is relatively safe for most, if not all, consumer applications. Different people perceive safety in different ways. If you're concerned, you could always apply some type of coating or sealer to reduce the amount of soil contact with the preservative treated wood, or perhaps even put a sheet of plastic between the treated wood and the soil if you want to minimize or eliminate contact between wood and soil. (awpa.com)
Simply put, it's up to us as individuals to make up our own minds, taking into account the info provided. I've read about people using treated wood for decades without problems. People even used to use railroad ties that are laden with arsenic (I wouldn't use them), and they didn't have issues.
Treated wood it was!
The next major step was figuring out which herbs I could plant that would keep away the good-for-nothing blood suckers that invaded our yard in swarms. Surprisingly, a lot of herbs that I love were the very ones I needed. Here's the list of plants I found to be great at insect repelling:
- basil/lime basil
- mint
- chives
- dill
- lemon balm/horsemint
- rosemary (not only works on mosquitoes, but repels cats as well)
- thyme (is said to work better than DEET!)
These also work, but I didn't use them:
- pennyroyal (I didn't use this because it's not consumable)
- tansy (repels mice, but is toxic, so I didn't use that one either)
I got so excited when I found out herbs like basil and rosemary work. I love using them when I cook (mostly breakfast).
I had the location, size, material, and herb situation on lockdown; all that was left was designing the thing. I started with a couple rough sketches so I could get the overall design down. Then I moved to SketchUp, which is a free 3D program anybody can download. If you are interested in building at all, it would be a great thing to download and learn to use. It's reasonably easy to learn and helps a lot. The main reason I wanted to get the pergola drawn up in 3D is so that I could get what was in my head as close to materialized as possible (before actually building it). That way I could see that the size worked well in the space allotted and that the dimensions and proportions were good to go. Once I had it all drawn up, I could get a very good estimate of material needed.
Speaking of material, this project's cost was about $700. The pressure-treated lumber, screws, nuts and bolts, anchor bolts, and lag bolts start to add up quick. A good way to save on hardware is to buy online. I bought 25 lag bolts online for roughly the same price as about half that many, at my local hardware store. If you have the time and resources, you can usually save some dough if you do your homework. I chose to use pressure-treated materials because the pergola wasn't going to be painted, and it needed to be able to withstand the elements. I may choose to paint or stain it in the future.
If you've made it this far in this post, thanks for reading it all! We'll be posting the second post in the next couple o' days, so keep a look out for that.
I am not a contractor or professional builder, so you may want to refer to one if you're planning on taking on the task of building your own pergola. Don't let that deter you, though! Most contractors or builders that I've known would love to give a pointer or two; it doesn't hurt to ask (although they just might try to talk you into hiring them to do it). :) - Josh
Credits // Author: Joshua Rhodes. Photography: Sarah Rhodes. Photos edited with Willis from the Folk Collection and Piper from The Signature Collection.
